Vgotsky in the TESOL classroom Key Concepts to Highlight
KEY CONCEPTS TO HIGHLIGHT
- Introduction to Vygotsky’s Theory:
– “Learning is inherently a social process, significantly influenced by interaction with others, especially more knowledgeable others (MKOs).”
– “Cognitive development occurs in two stages: first on a social level (between people) and then on an individual level (inside the child).”
2. Defining the Zone of Proximal Development:
– “The ZPD refers to the difference between what a learner can do independently and what they can do with guidance and support.”
– “Tasks within the ZPD are those that a learner cannot yet accomplish alone but can complete with help.”
3. Scaffolding: A Key Teaching Strategy:
– “Scaffolding is the process of providing temporary support to a learner within their ZPD until they can perform a task independently.”
– “Effective scaffolding involves: Identifying the learner’s ZPD, providing support, gradually removing the support.”
Practical Examples to Highlight
1. Examples of Scaffolding in the English Language Classroom:
– Vocabulary Development:
– “The teacher introduces academic vocabulary through context clues in a reading passage.”
– “The teacher then uses visuals, examples, and synonyms to reinforce understanding.”
– Writing Skills:
– “The teacher begins by providing a clear essay outline and model paragraphs.”
– “As the student gains confidence, the teacher gradually reduces the level of support.”
– Speaking Practice:
– “The teacher starts by engaging the student in one-on-one discussions, using simple sentences and gradually introducing more complex structures.”
Actionable Strategies to Highlight
1. Applying ZPD and Scaffolding in the Classroom:
– “Continuously assess student progress: Understanding where each student’s ZPD lies is critical.”
– “Provide differentiated support: Tailoring scaffolding strategies to individual needs ensures that all students can work within their ZPD.”
– “Encourage peer interaction: Peer learning is a powerful way to engage students within their ZPD.”
Conclusion
“By understanding and applying these concepts, teachers can create a learning environment that challenges students just enough to foster growth, while providing the necessary support to ensure success.”
Peter Abram 